linguae
  • HOME
    • SITE MAP
    • WORDCHAMP
    • SELF-ACCESS LANGUAGE TEXTBOOKS
    • PUBLICATIONS
    • EUROPEAN LANGUAGES IN HONG KONG
    • OPERA WORKSHOPS
    • MUSIC LINKS
    • CULTURAL ACTIVITY
  • LATIN & GREEK
    • CIRCULUS LATINUS HONCONGENSIS >
      • ORATIO HARVARDIANA 2007
      • NOMEN A SOLEMNIBUS
      • CARMINA MEDIAEVALIA
      • BACCHIDES
      • ANGELA LEGIONEM INSPICIT
      • REGINA ET LEGATUS
      • HYACINTHUS
      • LATINITAS PONTIFICALIS
      • SINA LATINA >
        • HISTORIARUM INDICARUM
      • MONUMENTA CALEDONICA
      • HISTORIA HONCONGENSIS
      • ARCADIUS AVELLANUS
      • LONDINIUM
      • ROMAN CALENDAR
      • SOMNIUM
      • CIRCULUS VOCABULARY
      • CONVENTUS FEBRUARIUS (I)
      • CONVENTUS FEBRUARIUS (II)
      • CONVENTUS MARTIUS
      • CONVENTUS APRILIS
      • CONVENTUS MAIUS
      • CONVENTUS IUNIUS
      • CONVENTUS IULIUS
      • CONVENTUS SEPT 2017
      • CONVENTUS OCT 2017
      • CONVENTUS NOV 2017
      • CONVENTUS DEC 2017
      • CONVENTUS DEC 2017 (II)
      • CONVENTUS JAN 2018
      • CONVENTUS FEB 2018
      • CONVENTUS MAR 2018
      • CONVENTUS APR 2018
      • CONVENTUS MAIUS 2018
      • CONVENTUS IUN 2018
      • CONVENTUS IUL 2018
      • CONVENTUS SEPT 2018
      • CONVENTUS OCT 2018
      • CONVENTUS NOV 2018
      • CONVENTUS DEC 2018
      • CONVENTUS NATIVITATIS 2018
      • CONVENTUS IAN 2019
      • CONVENTUS FEB 2019
    • RES GRAECAE >
      • GREEK MUSIC
    • IN CONCLAVI SCHOLARI >
      • LATIN I (MON)
      • LATIN I (TUES)
      • LATIN II
      • LATIN III
      • LATIN IV
      • LATIN TEENAGERS I
      • LATIN TEENAGERS II
      • LATIN TEENAGERS III
      • LATIN TEENAGERS IV
      • LATIN TEENAGERS V
      • LATIN TEENAGERS VI
      • LATIN TEENAGERS VII
      • LATIN TEENAGERS VIII
      • LATIN TEENAGERS IX
      • LATIN TEENAGERS X
      • LATIN TEENAGERS XI
      • LATIN SPACE I
      • LATIN SPACE II
      • LATIN SPACE III
      • LATIN SPACE IV
    • CARPE DIEM
    • INITIUM ET FINIS BELLI
    • EPISTULA DE EXPEDITIONE MONTANA
    • DE LATINE DICENDI NORMIS >
      • CONVENTICULUM LEXINTONIANUM
    • ANECDOTA VARIA
    • RES HILARES
    • CARMINA SACRA
    • CORVUS CORAX
    • SEGEDUNUM
    • USING NUNTII LATINI
    • FLASHCARDS
    • CARMINA NATIVITATIS
    • CONVENTUS LATINITATIS VIVAE >
      • SEMINARIUM OTTILIENSE
    • CAESAR
    • BIBLIA SACRA
    • CICERO
    • AFTER THE BASICS
    • AD ALPES
  • NEPALI
    • CORRECTIONS TO 'A HISTORY OF NEPAL'
    • NEPALESE DEMOCRACY
    • CHANGE FUSION
    • BRIAN HODGSON
    • KUSUNDA
    • JANG BAHADUR IN EUROPE
    • ANCESTORS OF JANG
    • NEPALIS IN HONG KONG
    • VSO REMINISCENCES
    • REVOLUTION IN NEPAL
    • NEPAL 1964-2014
    • BEING NEPALI
    • ARCHIVES IN NEPAL
    • FROM THE BEGINNING
    • REST IS HISTORY FOR JOHN WHELPTON
    • BHIMSEN THAPA AWARD LECTURE
    • HISTORICAL FICTION
    • READING GUIDE TO NEPALESE HISTORY
    • LANGUAGES OF THE HIMALAYAS
    • REVIEW OF LAWOTI (2007)
  • ROMANCE LANGUAGES
    • FRENCH >
      • CHARLES DE GAULLE
      • CHOCOLATE BEARS
      • FRENCH LITERATURE IN THE ANGLOSPHERE
    • SPANISH & ITALIAN
  • English
    • VIETNAM REFLECTIONS
    • GRAMMAR POWERPOINTS
    • PHONETICS POWERPOINTS
    • MAY IT BE
    • VILLAGE IN A MILLION
    • ENGLISH RHETORIC
    • SHORT STORIES QUESTIONS
    • WORD PLAY
    • SCOTS
    • INTERNATIONAL SCHOOLS
    • MNEMONICS
    • CLASSROOM BATTLEFIELD
    • MATHEMATICS AND HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS
    • OLD TESTAMENT INJUNCTIONS
    • BALTI
    • CUBA
    • JINNAH AND MODERN PAKISTAN
    • ENGLISH IS NOT NORMAL
    • STORY OF NOTTINGHAM
  • HKAS
    • ACQUISITION OF HONG KONG
    • RACISM IN HONG KONG
    • MEDIAN INCOMES IN HONG KONG
    • CHARACTER WARS
    • HONG KONG COUNTRYSIDE
    • NON-CHINESE IN THE LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEM
    • TYPHOON MANGKHUT

Praecepta

Γνῶθι σεαυτόν
Μία χελιδὼν ἔαρ οὐ ποιεῖ

These sayings above were collected by Miriam Schüttler. If anyone would like to offer additions they can send email them to me here.

ΟΥΔΕΙΣ ΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΙΚΩΝ ΔΥΝΑΤΑΙ ΠΟΤΕ ΟΛΒΙΟΣ ΕΙΝΑΙ  (Anthologia Graeca XI 279 - cited (not very seriously!) by Thomas Coloniensis)

​The PowerPoint below provides an introduction to the history of the language and its writing system:
introducing_greek.ppt
File Size: 5741 kb
File Type: ppt
Download File

Useful links

Two very useful resources  for the basics are:

         For classical Greek Mastronarde's Ancient Greek Tutorials covers alphabet and pronunciation (with sound files added             but these were not working when accessed in February 2019), accentuation and the main grammatical paradigms,                     including both tables and drills.
     
          The Institute of Biblical Greek, which, while focusing on the language of the New Testament, also includes details of
          the pronunciation used by most students of the classical language, as well as that of  modern Greek. They provide clear
          grammatical charts of their  own plus multiple links to other sites on the same topic. There are also details of the
          Institute's own on-line course, which uses  Athenaze (see below) as textbook.

There are links to many other resources on the  Greek Language and Linguistics site and, for those who read German, Gerhard Salomon's 1933 course has been made available on-line by E. Gottwein. This course  is rather old-fashioned in approach but well set out and with a large number of sentences and passages presented both in Greek and in German translation. Also available in German is  guidance on writing Greek letters in electronic formats on Thomas Ihnken's site..

Most of the standard ancient texts are available both on the Perseus site and in the Bibliotheca Augustana, which, whilst not providing the hyper-linked help offered on Perseus, has a much more attractive typeface.  Compared with Latin, there is relatively little contemporary writing in classical Greek but Acropolis World News, run by Catalan scholar Juan Coderch from St. Andrew's University in Scotland, provides news bulletins in the language on similar lines to Finnish Radio's Nuntii Latini, though without any recordings.  His site also has a short list of suggested translations for modern concepts, whilst Woodhouse's English-Classical Greek dictionary (restricted to words and phrases attested in ancient authors) is also available on-line.

Coderch has also produced a comprehensive Greek grammar which can be downloaded from his site as a PDF file or purchased on Amazon
Picture
​A good overview of ancient Greek culture and its relationship to the modern world is provided by Cambridge professor Paul Cartledge in a November 2010 article in the Guardian newspaper.

There is conversational material  in the books by W. H. D. Rouse and Anne Mahoney discussed in the `Introductory courses' section below.  A phrasebook for  ancient Greek is also currently being uploaded by Louis Sorenson  and others. This is based on the 1902 2nd. edition of a German-Attic phrasebook, to which English is now being added.    The first few phrases are given below:
​
Ah, Guten Tag!                                          Guten Morgen, Karl!                                Guten Morgen, Gustav!                                (Erwiderung).              
Seien Sie mir schön willkommen!          Ah!  freue mich außerordentlich!          Freue mich außerordentlich, Herr           Müller!    
Ganz auf meiner Seite!                                          
Well, Hello there!                                     Good morning, Charles!                          Good morning, Gustav!
         (in response) 
I
’m delighted to see you!                          Well, I welcome you heartily!                I welcome you warmly, Mr. Miller!      

The pleasure’s all mine!                         
ὦ χαῖρε! 
χαῖρ’ ὦ Κάρολε!
καὶ σύγε, ὦ Γούσταβε! 

ὦ χαῖρε, φίλτατε! 
ἀσπάζομαι! 
Μύλλερον ἀσπάζομαι! 

​κἄγωγέ σε! 
​Another aid to conversation, published in 1871 and written by a Scottish university professor, John Blackie, can be read on the Archive.org site and also downloaded in various formats (the pdf version is provided by Google books and not available to users in Hong Kong).
Picture
There is further onversatinal material in the `Oral Scripts' section of the Ariadne site. (see below)

Introductory courses

Probably the best known beginners' course in the UK  is  Athenaze,  featuring the story of an Attic farmer and his family in the 5th century A. D.  and with the emphasis on reading rather than rapid presentation of grammar.    `Ariadne: resources for Athenaze',  a collection of pages on the Cornell College  site, includes background information and suggestions for activities, including scripts for oral practice,  as well a recordings of the vocabulary - up to chapter 12 in June 2011. To read the Greek on this siteis is necessary to install the SPIonic font, which can be downloaded from ​here   The font site also provides a keyboard map for anyone wishing to type as well as read Greek.
Picture

Another course book well established in the UK but also available on the American Amazon site is the Joint Association of Classical Teachers'  Reading Greek, which is intended for learners in the upper forms of schools or in universities as well as for independent adult learners.  The student has to use both the Text and Vocabulary and the Grammar and Exercises volumes and, if working alone, will also require the Independent Study Guide.
Picture
Picture

Ancient Greek Alive
  starts with lessons introducing both the Greek alphabet and simple dialogues, with the teacher, for example, getting students to ask each other's names in Greek.  Subsequent lessons use reading passages drawn from folk tales around the world, as well as covering the basic grammar and emphasising vocabulary review.  An extensive preview is available on Amazon and a comprehensive account in the Bryn Mawr Classical Review.
Picture
Here is one of the stories reproduced from the downloadable sample on Paula Saffire's own website:
Picture
Another introductory course, relying on a reading approach but also covering all the basic grammar, is C. Peckett and A.D. Munday's Thrasymachus: Greek through Reading (not to be confused with Rouse's reader, discussed below, whose central character is also called Thrasymachus!).  Because this textbook, written in the 1960s, assumes a familiarity with Latin and the basic categories of an inflected language which many beginners in Greek now lack, school teachers, Alison Barker and Ann Thomas Wilkins, have provided additional explanations on a companion website, `Greek with Thrasymachus'.  Their approach is outlined in an article in the 2001 issue of the on-line CALICO Journal

There is no introductory course written totally in ancient Greek but the Italian edition of Athenaze has been adapted by Luigi Miraglia to make it more similar to Oerberg's direct method Latin course and a preview is available on the Vivarium Novum website (click on `Sfoglia'), from where the book can also be ordered.

W.H.D. Rouse wrote a beginners' reader, A Greek Boy at Home, which can be freely downloaded from the Internet (see sample pages below) and is narrated in the person of a a Greek boy, Thrasymachus, living on a farm with his parents. brother, sister and  nurse.  The book, published in 1909, includes dialogues easily adaptable as comprehension exercises and intended to promote active use of the language by both teacher and students. The reader was meant to be used together with the author's  First Greek Course (also downloadable as a pdf but with the text on its side and so only easily readable if printed out).  The vocabulary for the reader is given in a second volume which can also be downloaded.  

Anne Mahoney has recently (February 2011) brought out a substantially revised edition of First Greek Course  adapted for college courses (extracts viewable on the Focus site), and also a slightly modified version of the reader, with both passages and vocabulary in a single volume  - Rouse's Greek Boy (2010) . There is an online  review of the re-issued reader in the Bryn Mawr Classical Review.
Picture
Anne Mahoney has also brought out a revised edition of Francis Morice's Stories in Attic Greek, which was originally published in 1879 and intended to serve as a transitional reader for intermediate students who had already covered basic grammar but might still find unadapted Greek authors difficult. The stories themselves are, however, often based on  ancient materials.

Kendrick's 1851 textbook, Greek Ollendorff,  which includes some conversational material with a systematic presentation of grammar, in a somewhat similar fashion to Adler's Practical Grammar of the Latin Language, can be read on-line or down-loaded in various formats from archiv.com  Evan Millner is currently recording and uploading the exercises and vocabulary t0 his Ancient Greek podcast site.  Kendrick's text can also be ordered as a facsimile reprint from Amazon.

Schroder and Horrigan's A Reading Course in Homeric Greek, Book 1  of which a 3rd edition, revised by Leslie Collins Edwards, was issued in 2004,  introduces the student to Greek as used by its best-known poet, who probably wrote in the 8th century B.C., employing rather simpler syntax than the classical language of the 5th and 4th centuries on which most introductory courses are based. The student is reading short extracts of genuine Homer from lesson 11 onwards and the book concludes with the stories of the Lotus Eaters and the Cyclops from Book 9 of the Odyssey.  A pdf including the introduction and some sample pages is down-loadable from the Focus Publishing site but a rather more pages of the actual text are available in the preview on Amazon.   There is a largely favourable evaluation in the Bryn Mawr Classical Review.  Edward's 2005 edition of Book 2 is considerably shorter than Schroder and Horrigan's original,  providing the complete texts of Books 6 and 12 of the Odyssey with commentary, vocabulary and further information on grammar but no extracts from the Iliad (despite what is stated on the Amazon page)!  There is finally  a shorter  volume, Transition to Attic Greek to aid those who have completed the Homeric course and wish to move on to read texts by later authors.
Picture

Cynthia Sheldermine's Introduction to Greek, based on Wilding's Greek for Beginners, uses adaptated texts from Herodotus, the 5th century historian (see sample below),  as well as  from Xenophon, Thucydides and Plato. There is an evaluation in the Bryn Mawr Classical Review.  The approach is traditional, with presentation of grammar followed by  practice sentences for translation into as well as from Greek,  a reading passage and a vocabulary list for memorisation.  The same publisher has also brought out Anne Groton's  From Alpha to Omega: a Beginning Course in Classical Greek.
Picture

Texts for intermediate learners

There are many readers available to ease the learner's task in beginning to tackle authentic Greek texts. Geoffrey Steadman's self-published Wordpress series supplies vocabulary and grammatical commentary on a facing page or below the text and also a list of the commonest words  for the student to study before he or she begins reading.  Works available include Books 6-12 of  Homer's Odyssey, Book 1 of Herodotus's Histories, and the Symposium and first book of The Republic by Plato.  His site provides free downloads of Powerpoint flashcards for the core vocabularies and also the complete texts of Odyssey 6-8 and Lysias 1.  Previews are also available on Amazon.com
Picture
Another  series  of texts with similar extensive support for the learner is being produced by Evan Hayes and Stephen Nimis of the University of Miami. The first volume is Lucian's Ἀληθῆ Διηγήματα (`A True Story'), written in the 2nd. century A.D. and telling the story of a ship swept up to the moon is the first in a series of editions of Greek and Latin texts planned by Evan Hayes and Stephen Nimis. A preview of the book is available on Amazon and sample pages can also be downloaded as a 24-page pdf file.  The books are very reasonably priced as they are being self-published on a `print-on-demand' basis. Stephen Nimis is currently (April 2011)asking for suggestions on which Greek and Latin texts to work on next and can be contacted via   his home page .
Picture

Ancient Greek poetry and music

We  do not know for certain what ancient Greek music sounded like but an interesting attempt at reconstruction is available on the CD `Musique de la Grèce antique' by Atrium Musicae de Madrid.  This recording is currently (February 2013) also available on YouTube, which also has a number of other versions of what is claimed to be ancient Greek music, including in particular performances of the `Song of Seikilos', believed to have been composed somewhere between 200 B.C and 200 A.D.  and an album lasting almost an hour posted by `ThoughtTraveller'.  Martin West, the most distinguished British classical scholar of his generation,  wrote a comprehensive survey, Ancient Greek Music,  intended to be accessible to to those without musical training, and also co-edited a collection of all extant fragments, Documents of Ancient Greek Music . Stefan Hagel, author of the most recent comprehensive study of the topic (Ancient Greek Music. A  New Technical History,  Cambridge 2009) has electronic renditions of the main surviving melodies on his Ancient Greek Music site.   An episode in RTHK Radio 4's `Early Music' series features recordings from the Atrium Musicae CD and elsewhere - make sure you are downloading the 3 July 2011 episode, which appears from the site description to be part of the  `Oratorio' series but is not! 

The leading researcher in this field at the moment is probably Oxford musician and classicist Armand d'Angour, some of whose reconstructions were performed in concert at the Ashmolean Museum  in  November 2017.  He explains his work and presents some performance extracts on YouTube and has most recently (July 2018) described his research in an article for The Conversation. This essay can also be found on the GREEK MUSIC page on this site, together with an account of his work at an earlier stage (What Song the Sirens Sang) and some additional links,

As well as being used in the chorus sections of Greek plays, music may also often have accompanied the recitation of other poetry.  Φαίνεταί μοι κῆνος ἴσος θέοισιν (`He seems to me the equal of the gods'), the most famous of the lyric poems by Sappho of Lesbos, who was writing around the beginning of the 6th century B.C.,  has been set to modern music and can be heard on YouTube with the original text with English and German translations shown on the video  The singer in this performance adds the words alla pan tolmaton  (``everything must be taken') at the end of the song .  Sappho describes her intense feelings as she watches a girl with whom she is herself in love talking with a boyfriend.
In the transcription given below, `h' is written after long vowels, `ou' is similar to the English `oo' in `soon', ` ü' is the rounded high front vowel in French `tu' and `ch' should be pronounced as in Scottish `loch' or German `auch'.   The trans-
lation has been adapted from that of Constantine Trypanis in The Penguin Book of Greek Verse,  a bilingual anthology, which covers the whole period from Homer to the 2oth century :
Φαίνεταί μοι κῆνος ἴσος θέοισιν            
ἔμμεν᾽ ὤνηρ, ὄττις ἐνάντιός τοι            
ἰσδάνει καὶ πλάσιον ἆδυ φωνεί-        
      σας ὐπακούει 

καὶ γελαίσ‹ας› ἰμέροεν, τό μ᾽ ἦ μάν  
καρδίαν ἐν στήθεσιν ἐπτόαισεν.           
ὢς γὰρ ἔς σ᾽ ἴδω βρόχε᾽, ὤς με φώνη 
      σ᾽ οὖδεν ἔτ᾽ εἴκει,   

ἀλλὰ κὰμ μὲν γλῶσσα ἔαγε, λέπτον           
      
δ᾽ αὔτικα χρῶι πῦρ ὐπαδεδρόμακεν,    
ὀππάτεσσι δ᾽ οὖδεν ὄρημμ᾽, ἐπιρρόμ          βεισι δ᾽ ἄκουαι,  

​ἀ δέ μ᾽ ἴδρως κακχέεται, τρόμος δέ      
παῖσαν ἄγρει, χλωροτέρα δὲ ποίας  
ἔμμι, τεθνάκην δ᾽ ὀλίγω ᾽πιδεύης                 φαίνομ᾽ ἔμ᾽ αὔται·                                                         
Phainetai moi kehnos isos theoisin    
emmen'ohnehr, hottis enantios toi        isdanei kai plasion adü phohnei-                sas upakouei  

kai gelaisas himeroen, to m'eh man      kardian en stehthesin eptoaisen
ohs gar es s'idoh broche', ohs me        phohnes'ouden et'eikei,                                                           
 
alla kam men glohssa eage, lepton                                 
d'autika chrohi pür üpadedromaken,
   oppatessi d'ouden orehmm', eporrom       beisi d'akouai  

a de m'idrohs kakcheetai, tromos de    paisan agrei, chlohrotera de poias        
emmi, tethnakehn d'oligoh 'pideuehs         phainom'em'autai                                                                                   
                                 
He seems to me the equal of the gods
that man who opposite you
sits  and close up your sweet speech
        hears

​and lovely laughter, which my             

heart in my breast has set pounding.
For when I see you just for an instant  it's as if I've lost my voice,

but while my tongue is frozen, a        
delicate
​fire has at once run under

my skin,  I see nothing with my eyes
and my ears are ringing

sweat pours down me and trembling

seizes me all over, paler than grass
I am, and little short of dead
     I seem to myself

A very different, more modern musical interpretation of this poem has been recorded by the group Trinovox.


A musical setting of another of Sappho's poems (or rather of an expansion of a surviving fragment) is also available on YouTube,  sung by   Nena Venetsanou:


​Hymn to the Muse - Mesomedes of Crete

A short appeal for inspiration to Calliope, muse of epic poetry, and to Apollo, son of Latona, by   Mesomedes of Crete,  a freedman of the emperor Hadrian (reigned 117-138 A.D.), sung here by Daphne Panourgia with orchestration by Petros Tabouris.  The lyrics are given below in the original Ionic Greek with translations into Standard Modern Greek and English  as uploaded by `Lynkeas' with the YouTube video in January 2009.
Άειδε Μούσά μοι φίλη,
μολπής δ' εμής κατάρχου,
αύρη δε σων απ' άλσεων
εμάς φρένας δονείτω.

Καλλιόπεια σοφά, Μουσών προκαθαγέτι τερπνών,
και σοφέ Μυστοδότα,
Λατούς γόνε, Δήλιε, Παιάν,
​ευμενείς πάρεστέ μοι.
Ψάλλε, αγαπητή σε μένα, Μούσα,
κι αρχή δώσε στο τραγούδι μου,
αύρα ας έλθει από τα άλση σου
να δονήσει τις φρένες μου!

Σοφή Καλλιόπη, ηγήτειρα
των αγαπημένων Μουσών,
και Συ σοφέ Μυστοδότη,
​τέκνο της Λητούς, Δήλιε, Παιάν, ευμενείς, παρασταθήτε μου!
Sing, dearest Muse, and
help me start my song.
Let the breeze from  your forests
make my soul vibrate!

​Oh, wise Calliope, you the leader
of the gracious Muses,
and You wise Initiator of Mysteries,
Latona's son, Delian, Paean,
offer your help,  favorable to me!


Another interpretation of the hymn, in more modern musical style, is  provided by Thanapis Kleopas.
​

Agni Parthene

`Agni Parthene'  is a hymn to the Virgin Mary written around the beginning of the 20th century by the Greek Orthodox bishop St. Nektarios of Aegina. though the transcription given here represents the Byzantine pronunciation, word forms are almost all identical to those used in classical Greek and the phrasing echoes a long tradition of chant going back to the cult of the Mother Goddess of the Mediterranean region. Note that the couplets below were written as single lines in the source from which the text is taken (Wikipedia) as were the second and third lines of the quadrains; the alteration was purely to facilitate displaying the text, transcription and translation in parallel columns.  The translation has been modified to make it more literal.  The hymn can be heard with accompanying slides on YouTube  and the video is also embodied below.  For more information on pre-classical Greek religion see volume 22 of Aegaeum, downloadable as a series of PDF files.

There are a number of other performances available on Youtube including one by the monks of Simonopetra Monastery.

Αγνή Παρθένε Δέσποινα,                              Agni parthene Despoina,                        Holy Virgin, Lady
Άχραντε Θεοτόκε,                                              ahrante theotoke                                       Spotless Bearer of God                                  

Χαίρε Νύμφη Ανύμφευτε.                              Here nimfi animfefte                                Rejoice Bride Unwed    
Παρθένε Μήτηρ Άνασσα,                              Parthene mitir anasa,                              Virgin  Mother Queen
Πανένδροσέ τε πόκε.                                       panedrοse te poke                                      and all-dewy fleece
Χαίρε Νύμφη Ανύμφευτε.                              Here nimfi animfefte                                 Rejoice Bride Unwed

Υψηλοτέρα Ουρανών,                                    Ipsilotera ouranon,                                    Higher than the Heavens
ακτίνων λαμπροτέρα                                      aktinon lamprotera                                     Brighter than the sunbeams

Χαίρε Νύμφη Ανύμφευτε.                             Here nimfi animfefte                                 Rejoice Bride Unwed
Χαρά παρθενικών χορών,                             hara parthenikon horon,                         Delight of the virginal choirs                
αγγέλων υπερτέρα,                                          aggelon ipertera                                           loftier than the angels
Χαίρε Νύμφη Ανύμφευτε.                             Here nimfi animfefte                                 Rejoice Bride Unwed

Εκλαμπροτέρα ουρανών                                Eklamprotera ouranon                           More radiant than the heavens
φωτός καθαροτέρα,                                          fotos katharotera                                      Purer than light

Χαίρε Νύμφη Ανύμφευτε.                             Here nimfi animfefte                                Rejoice Bride Unwed          
Των Ουρανίων στρατιών                              ton ouranion stration                               than the Heavenly armies
πασών αγιωτέρα                                                pason ayiotera                                            all holier
Χαίρε Νύμφη Ανύμφευτε.                             Here nimfi animfefte                                Rejoice Bride Unwed

Μαρία Αειπάρθενε                                            Maria aeiparthene                                     Maria Ever-virgin
κόσμου παντός Κυρία                                     kosmou pantos kiria                                 Mistress of all the world

Χαίρε Νύμφη Ανύμφευτε.                              Here nimfi animfefte                                Rejoice Bride Unwed                  
Άχραντε Νύμφη Πάναγνε                             ahrante numfi panagne                           Spotless Bride Immaculate               
Δέσποινα Παναγία,                                           Despoina Panagia                                     Lady All-holy
Χαίρε Νύμφη Ανύμφευτε.                              Here nimfi animfefte                                Rejoice Bride Unwed

Μαρία Νύμφη Άνασσα,                                   Maria nimfi anassa                                  Maria Bride Queen
χαράς ημών αιτία.                                              haras imon etia                                          cause of our delight

Χαίρε Νύμφη Ανύμφευτε.                              Here nimfi animfefte                               Rejoice Bride Unwed                       
Κορή σεμνή Βασίλισσα,                                  kori semni vasilissa                                  maiden sacred Queen
Μήτηρ υπεραγία,                                                mitir iperagia                                             Mother all-holy
Χαίρε Νύμφη Ανύμφευτε.                              Here nimfi animfefte

Τιμιώτερα Χερουβείμ                                        Timiotera herouvim                               More worthy than the Cherubim
υπερενδοξοτέρα                                                  iperendoxotera                                        and more glorious

Χαίρε Νύμφη Ανύμφευτε.                              Here nimfi animfefte                              Rejoice Bride Unwed                     
Των ασωμάτων Σεραφείμ                               ton asomaton serafim                           Than the non-material Seraphim
των Θρόνων υπερτέρα,                                   ton thronon ipertera                               Than the  Thrones higher
Χαίρε Νύμφη Ανύμφευτε.                              Here nimfi animfefte                              Rejoice Bride Unwed 

Χαίρε το άσμα Χερουβείμ                               Here to asma herouvim                        Rejoice song of the Cherubim
χαίρε ύμνος Αγγέλων                                      here imnos aggelon                                 Rejoice hymn of the angels
 
Χαίρε Νύμφη Ανύμφευτε.                             Here nimfi animfefte                               Rejoice Bride Unwed
Χαίρε ωδή των Σεραφείμ                                here odi ton serafim                                Rejoice chant of the Seraphim
Χαρά των Αρχαγγέλων                                  hara ton arhaggelon                               Delight of the archangels
Χαίρε Νύμφη Ανύμφευτε.                             Here nimfi animfefte

Χαίρε ειρήνη και χαρά                                     Here irini kai hara                                   Rejoice peace and delight
λιμήν της σωτηρίας                                          limin tis sotirias                                        harbour of salvation

Χαίρε Νύμφη Ανύμφευτε.                             Here nimfi animfefte                              Rejoice Bride Unwed     
Παστάς του Λόγου                                           pastas tou logou                                       Salt of the Word
ιερά άνθος της αφθαρσίας                            iera anthos tis aftharsias                      sacred flower of immortality
Χαίρε Νύμφη Ανύμφευτε.                             Here nimfi animfefte                              Rejoice Bride Unwed

Χαίρε Παράδεισε τρυφής,                             Here paradise trifis                                Rejoice Paradise of luxury
ζωής τε αιωνίας,                                                 zois te eoinias                                            and of life eternal

Χαίρε Νύμφη Ανύμφευτε.                            Here nimfi animfefte                               Rejoice Bride Unwed           
Χαίρε το ξύλον της ζωής,                             Here to xilon tis zois                                 Rejoice tree of life
πηγή αθανασίας,                                              pihi athanasias                                           fountain of immortality
Χαίρε Νύμφη Ανύμφευτε.                            Here nimfi animfefte                               Rejoice Bride unwed

Σε ικετεύω Δέσποινα,                                     Se iketevo Despina                                   I beseech you Lady
Σε, νυν, επικαλούμαι,                                     se nin epikaloume                                     I now call upon you

Χαίρε Νύμφη Ανύμφευτε.                           Here nimfi animfefte                                Rejoice Bride Unwed           
Σε δυσωπώ Παντάνασσα,                           Se disopo pantanassa                              I look to you Queen of all
Σην χάριν εξαιτούμαι.                                   sin harin exetoume                                    I beg your favour
Χαίρε Νύμφη Ανύμφευτε.                           Here nimfi animfefte                                Rejoice bride unwed

Κορή σεμνή και άσπιλε,                               Kori semni kai aspile                                Maiden sacred and unstained
Δεσποίνα Παναγία                                         Despina Panagia                                        Lady All-holy

Χαίρε Νύμφη Ανύμφευτε.                           Here nimfi animfefte                                Rejoice Bride Unwed              
Θερμώς επικαλούμαι Σε,                              Thermos epikaloume se ,                        fervently I call upon you
Ναέ ηγιασμένε,                                                 nae igiasmene                                              See [me], sanctified-one
Χαίρε Νύμφη Ανύμφευτε.                           Here nimfi animfefte                                Rejoice Bride Unwed

Αντιλαβού μου, ρύσαι με                             antilavou mou, rise me                           Take hold of  me, save me      
από τού πολεμίου,                                          apo tou polemiou                                       from the enemy
 
Χαίρε Νύμφη Ανύμφευτε.                           Here nimfi animfefte                                Rejoice Bride Unwed
Και κλήρονομον δείξον με,                        Ke klironomon deixon me                       and receive me as a sharer
ζωής της αιωνίου,                                           zois tis eoniou                                               in life eternal
Χαίρε Νύμφη Ανύμφευτε.                           Here nimfi animfefte                                Rejoice Bride unwed

Greek accentuation

Ancient Greek had a pitch accent whose exact nature is still disputed  by scholars but which by the early centuries A.D. had turned into the stress accent which modern Greek retains.  Sean Gabbs of Guildhall University provides a useful survey of the different ways in which the accentuation markings introduced in the Hellenistic period and still retained in modern printed texts are pronounced - or not pronounced - by classicists today.

accents_(sean_gabb).pdf
File Size: 92 kb
File Type: pdf
Download File

Powered by Create your own unique website with customizable templates.